General-Usage Types

This page is still under construction!

Abstract also has some other primitive types that aren't just numbers. Some of them exists to create some abstractions with complex collections of numerical values or create type encapsulation.

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Booleans

This feature is still not implemented!

Booleans are types that can only represent the binary values true or false. These two values are extremely important to handle conditionals or hold simple states without messing the values.

Alias	Size	Implementation
bool	1-bit	Std.Types.Boolean

let bool cake = false

if (cake) Std.Console.writeln("Yummy!")
else Std.Console.writeln("The cake is a lie!")

Console Output

The cake is a lie!

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Strings

This feature is still not implemented!

A string is a data structure that is able to store text data. A string can be used to store and reproduce text characters easily.
In Abstract, every string is encoded in UTF-8, with characters varying from 1-4 bytes in length.

Alias	Size	Implementation
string	variable (content is heap/statically-allocated)	Std.Types.String

let string mySpeek = "Hello, World!"
Std.Console.writeln(mySpeek)

mySpeek = "Goodbie, World!"
Std.Console.writeln(mySpeek)

Console Output

Hello, World!
Goodbie, World!

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Chars

This feature is still not implemented!

Chars are data structures made to hold a single text character. Chars value can either be set or assigned manually with a character value or it can be set by getting a character from an index of a string.
As every string in Abstract is UTF-8, every character have the same length as a i32 in memory, being able to hold every possible character of the Unicode char set.

note

Keep in mind that some unicode characters may use more than one character to be stored, e.g. "🇧🇷" = '🇧' + '🇷'.
The Char struct cannot store that characters and instead need to be used with another Char value.

Chars are be castable from integers lower than 32 bits e.g. u8, i7 or u32 and castable to any integer.

Alias	Size	Implementation
char	32 bits	Std.Types.Character

to declarate a Char data type, use char:

const string myString = "Hello, World!"

let char myChar = 'U'
myChar = myString[7]
Std.Console.writeln(myChar as byte) # '87'

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Range

This feature is still not implemented!

Ranges are types with a special syntax and are used widelly though the language. They can be representd as:

<start>..<finish>:<step>

And some values can be implicited, like:

.. 10        # from 0 to 10
.. 10 :  8   # from 0 to 10 in steps of 8
5 ..         # from 5 to MAXINT
5 .. :  14   # from 0 to MAXINT in steps of 14

To iterate though a range, get a instance of the range iterator:

from Std.Console import

const myRange = 0..20 : 2
var iterator = myRange.iterator()

var uptr i
while (iterator.reachEnd()) : (i = iterator.next()) {
    writeln(i)
}

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Void

This feature is still not implemented!

Void is not a concrete type and it is used to indicate that a value is not returned.

void

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NoReturn

This feature is still not implemented!

NoReturn is not a concrete type and it is used to indicate that a function do not returns.

noreturn